Multi-Layered Security Plan Essay Example for Free

Multi-Layered Security Plan Essay Ensuring delicate or private information is foremost in numerous organizations. In the occasion such data is made open, organizations may confront legitimate or budgetary implications. In any event, they will endure lost client trust. Much of the time, in any case, they can recoup from these budgetary and different misfortunes with suitable speculation or remuneration Having data of various security levels on a similar PC frameworks represents a genuine danger. It's anything but a straight-forward issue to seclude distinctive data security levels, despite the fact that various clients sign in utilizing various records, with various consents and diverse access controls (Red Hat, Inc. 2006). Underneath I have recorded the IT foundation of Richman Investments alongside suggestions in every framework on levels of security that ought to be executed for a progressively secure system. IT Infrastructure Affected 1. Client Domain: The individuals who get to an organization’s data framework. * The main thing that ought to be executed is a required Computer Security instructional meeting to teach the clients on the best possible utilization of work PCs. 2. Workstation Domain: Users (most) interfacing with the IT framework. * The workstation space accompanies its own issues, for example, unapproved access to the framework, the best approach to fix this issue is actualize get to strategies and rules. 3. LAN Domain: An assortment of PCs associated with each other or to a typical association medium. * Implement second or third level personality check to access delicate frameworks, applications, and date. Keep all equipment in a safe area with get to just with appropriate ID. 4. LAN-to-WAN Domain: Link between the Wide Area Network (WAN) and the Internet. * Conduct post design entrance trial of the layered security arrangement inside the LAN-to-WAN Domain. Test inbound and outbound traffic and fix any holes. Likewise, apply email server and connections antivirus and email isolating for obscure record types. Stop space name Web webpage get to dependent on content-separating strategies. 5. WAN Domain: Wide Area Network (WAN) associates remote areas to the Local Area Network (LAN). * Encrypt classified information transmissions through specialist co-op WAN utilizing VPN burrows. 6. Remote Access Domain: Connects remote clients to the organization’s IT foundation. * Remote Access Domain, Being that the clients are off site it is difficult to state that the clients secret phrase data has not been undermined. In such situations when variations from the norm are spotted or information is gotten to without appropriate approval, information ought to be totally encoded to keep any delicate materials from being sold or introduced to the open market. 7. Framework/Application Domain-Holds all the strategic frameworks, applications, and information. * Develop a business congruity plan for crucial applications giving strategic strides to keeping up accessibility of activities. Perform ordinary thorough programming and Web-application testing and entrance testing preceding dispatch.

The Development of Scientific Management free essay sample

The Development of Scientific Management BY 51067685 With the improvement of logical administration, innovation, and beneficial force, the items concerning the metal Magnesium have been created in a differentiated manner including MGM molecule, MGM composites, MGM powder, MGM ingot, MGM stick, MGM conciliatory anode and elite conciliatory anode and so on. The metal MGM, 2/3 thickness of the metal Aluminum, is perhaps the lightest metal. The potential utilization of the metal MGM is vital particularly under todays circumstance that vitality has been enormously needed of and ecological insurance extraordinarily stressed. Having rich stores under the earth, the metal MGM is of excellent characteristics like high enemy of seismic ability, against destructive capacity and force and so forth , which makes it conceivable being the essential material for compound industry and consequently wins itself incredible consideration in the use of the national barrier industry. MGM is anything but difficult to consume and give solid light noticeable all around. We will compose a custom article test on The Development of Scientific Management or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page MGM powder is utilized as the crude material of ignition and lighting bomb for safeguard. The metal MGM of national standard isn't just sold well in household advertise yet in addition sent out to Japan, USA, Germany, India, Taiwan and Honking. In the global market, in excess of 80 tons of MGM has been utilized in the bewilderment of steel and iron every year. China is the principle nation in creating steel and iron, and it has been anticipated by specialists that China needs 300,000?500,000 huge amounts of MGM for mechanical handling starting now and into the foreseeable future to the year 2005. The utilization of the metal MGM has expanded with a normal pace of 6. 6% every year during asses. Also, 109,000 tons of MGM has been devoured in making different foundry items utilized in autos, cruisers, and electric outside layer and so on. Some extra parts that can be fitted o vehicles like wheel center point, instrument board, seat outline, gear box, heading framework, chamber, air delta cylinder and brake pedal edge have been placed into utilization in a wild territories. The utilization of the amalgam MGM in car making industry will represent 14% among the aggregate sum of MGM utilization in the accompanying seven to eight years. After the Chinas section into the WTFO, the market can see an extremely brilliant future for the MGM items since the significant article in the replacing proposition gave by the U. S. ND the EX. is MGM ingot, while there is no necessity on the seriously handled items. Some key undertakings in China are toward the starting stage in preparing the metal MGM, accordingly this is the correct open door for their turn of events. MGM handling is alluded to as the promising business by the specialists in the 21st Century. At present, two significant crude materials that can be utilized to deliver th e metal MGM have been discovered wealthy in Equinox City, Shania Province, China. They are dolomite metal and silicon iron. The neighborhood dolomite metal has an excellent quality with the usage rate being higher than 96%. Close by the organization there are a few rockroses creating silicon iron and rich dolomite mineral store, which can not just assurance the gracefully for delivering the metal MGM yet in addition decrease the expense of crude materials buying in a viable manner. The assets that have been gotten together by the organization will be fundamentally utilized in: 1. Plant development and gear buy so as to stay up with the market improvement; 2. Setting up the Central Institute with the end goal of market extension and logical research; 3 Setting up the business arrange; 4. Growing new items, advancing advances and improving the old item framework.

How Much Money Should You Raise

How Much Money Should You Raise Raising money is undoubtedly among the toughest aspects of running a business. Since money doesn’t grow on trees and you can’t live without it, a business owner has to learn how to find it and use it in an efficient manner.There are often two schools of thoughts when it comes to answering the question, “how much money should you raise?” Some say there’s no limit, while others would prefer raising money at all. But neither of these answers seems realistic or useful when it comes to the real world. © Shutterstock.com | fotogestoeberThis guide will look at 1) the problems of raising too much or too little and 2) help you define just the right amount of money needed to make your business succeed.THE PROBLEMS OF RAISING TOO MUCH MONEYMost business owners think the obvious answer to the question “How much money should I raise?” is “As much as you can”. When you are starting out, with a limited budget, taking whatever money comes your way might seem the right thing to do. But in reality, raising an unlimited amount of money can have some serious drawbacks for your business.Too much money could harm your business, especially start-ups, in different ways. Before you start raising money without an upper limit, you should understand the below risks.More money means more due diligenceIf you are looking to finance your business with equity, you should understand the disadvantages. Adding a professional investor on board always comes with a loss in the ownership of your business. The more money you raise in terms of equity, the less ownership you have over your own business.Not only can this end up costing your business a large amount of money in the long-term, it also adds much more administrative and operational burden for the business. Since your investors are shared-owners of the business, you can’t make major decisions without consulting them. The more investors you have on board, the more difficult and time-consuming this will be.You also must ensure to use the money you’ve raised in an appropriate manner. Controlling a large sum of money, with a business that hasn’t been in operation for too long, can be a challenge.Higher risk means funding isn’t cheapAs we mentioned above, your business might wound up paying more for the equity you raise in the long-term. This is due to the high risks associated with investing in start-ups. Investors often want a healthy return for their money, as they aren’t guaranteed to receive anything from a business that isn’t yet established.Therefore, raising as much as you can is a negative attitude for high risks companies. It is much more advantageous to raise what the business needs to kick-start growing, rather than take all the money thrown at your business.Overvaluation of the business comes with a riskWhen a business raises money, it is essentially valuing its operations. If you are raising large sums of money, your business valuation will go up. While valuation of start-ups is always difficult, overvaluing has more potential risks to undervaluation.Not only can it be difficult to find investors who are willing to invest in a company that is clearly overvaluing itself. But more importantly, raising a vast amount of money at the start can hinder your business’ opportunity to raise further funds.Your second round of funding should typically be able to raise at least the same level as your first round did. But if the business received a large amount of capital, with a clear overvalua tion of the business, a majority of investors won’t be interested in adding to this overvaluation at the second round. This would result in a so called down-round which is not well perceived by investors.Check out the below video for tips on start-up valuation: The problem of ‘easy money’Interestingly, there’s also the issue of ‘easy money’. A start-up that raises unlimited amount of capital can easily mismanage the use of this money. From a psychological point of view, having an excess amount of money can leave you more careless, as you don’t need to focus on the key areas. Since you have money available for nearly anything, you can end up spending in areas that might not require the money at that point in time.If you only have a limited amount of money, you are required to prioritize your spending. If you don’t prioritize, you could focus on the wrong areas or grow faster than your business is able to absorb the growth.THE PROBLEMS OF RAISING TOO LITTLE MONEYOn the other hand, you also shouldn’t answer the question by stating, “I will never raise money”. There are still people who think raising money as a start-up is a mistake and you should only set up a business if you can afford it.But just as raising too much money can have a negative impact on your business, so can raising too little. If you’ve considered skipping the fundraising bit altogether, consider the below drawbacks of raising below the bare minimum.Executing your business plan can be difficultFew businesses are in the position to execute their business plan without any extra funding. You shouldn’t set yourself in a position where a failing business will also mean you lose all of your personal assets as well.The start-up environment is not easy, with nearly 90% of businesses failing in the first few months. You, therefore, don’t want to hinder your operational efficiency by having no extra funds available.Having a strict amount of money will require much more operatio nal oversight. While this focus can certainly have its benefits, it can also be harmful for your start-up. You might be forced to make difficult decisions, such as laying off staff or restructuring the way the business operates. These could mean your business can’t achieve certain milestones, which are essential for further growth.Running a business is not easy, but you shouldn’t turn it into a living hell. As a business owner, you can’t be afraid of taking certain risks and raising outside capital is definitely not something you should actively avoid.Not fundraising can hurt your competitive edgeFurthermore, while you might like the idea of operating without investment, your competitors are unlikely to share this view. You might be able to guarantee your business is operational by slowly building up the business and its revenue stream. But if your competitor can raise money, and therefore speed up its growth, your business can find making money even more difficult.Not raising money in an environment where other businesses do so can hurt your competitiveness. In the long-term, this could mean your business doesn’t succeed simply because it refused to raise any money.Hinder any potential future fundraisingYou are unlikely to be able to ensure your business can operate without any additional fundraising. Even if you don’t raise money at the start, you might come across a need to raise funds later on. But if you wait until you are desperate for funding, you’ll cause fundraising to become harder. Investors can tell when businesses are desperate and this can cause alarm bells to ring in their head. You definitely don’t want to wait until fundraising is a must-do for business survival.DEFINING THE RIGHT AMOUNT FOR YOUR BUSINESSIf raising “too much” and “too little” are problematic answers to the question, the answer must then be “You raise the right amount of money”. But how do you define the “right amount”?There is unfortunately no off icial answer for the right amount of money, as it depends completely on your business’ situation. The good news is there’s a clear three-step procedure for defining the right amount of money.Step one: define your milestonesYour business shouldn’t start raising money without a clear objective. You don’t want to raise money for the sake of fundraising, but rather in order to establish a specific goal.Your business plan should have milestones it wants to achieve. With these milestones, you can ensure your business grows. Achieving certain milestones can be difficult without extra funding and therefore, you want to raise money in order to achieve the specific objective.The milestone your set naturally depend on your business and the industry you operate in. But they could range from increasing your ability to ship 10k products to shops to opening up a new branch.In essence, the milestones must add to the business value. In this sense, milestones reduce the risks involved with in vesting, which can be a great way to attract investors for your business. It will also help your future fundraising efforts to show investors how you’ve been able to hit your milestones in the past.In fact, you could set milestones specifically aimed at helping you attract more money in the next fundraising round. As mentioned, you need to set milestones which add immediate value for your business By defining these, you also cause the actual process of raising money to appear easier. You’ll be meeting investors and you can clearly highlight what you need to boost your business, why and how it can help your business, and the route to achieving this. Being able to demonstrate this will help the investor understand your vision, as well as know the risks involved with fundraising.Step two: calculate the needed money with milestones in mindOnce you’ve set the business milestones you want to achieve, you can start calculating the amount of money you need to achieve them. This will e ssentially give you the measure for the right amount of money to raise.When you are calculating the sums, you need to keep the following points in mind:What are the resources needed to achieve the milestone? These could include anything from pure manpower to the equipment you need. Be meticulous and consider all the different aspects of reaching the milestone. For example, you might need legal services in order to launch a new product line. Make sure you also calculate the cost of services such as this in your estimation.What is the timeline for achieving the milestone? You probably won’t be able to achieve the milestone in a single day. Therefore, your cost estimation must include the timeline as well. Perhaps it’ll take you around three months to launch the new app. What are the business’ operational costs during this time? Again, it is a salutary idea to carefully think about this and draw a realistic timeline. You’d probably want to have the product on shelves in three m onths, but is it realistic?What funding do the resources needed require during this time? Once you are clear about the resources you need to achieve the milestone and the timeline for achieving it, you need to think the overall cost of funding all of it.After these two steps, you have a very clear understanding of the amount of money you are looking to raise. But you also need to prepare something extra.Step three: add a bufferKnowing the exact amount you need for achieving a milestone can be near impossible. No matter how hard you try, there is always the unexpected element of circumstances. Perhaps the legal paperwork doesn’t file through in the first week or one of your project managers falls sick during the design process. Unexpected situations will occur in the business world and you need to prepare for them.Therefore, having a buffer on the above estimation is crucial. How much the buffer should be can depend a bit on the nature of your milestone. It is beneficial to try to think how risky your milestone is â€" the more risky the project, the more buffer you might want to add.But as we’ve discussed the dangers of raising too much and too little, you don’t want to go overboard with your buffer. Typically, around 3-10% of the total cost estimation can be advantageous.The amount you conclude with, after calculating the above, can be close to the perfect fundraising target you should set.WHAT IF YOU ARE OFFERED MORE THAN YOU ASKED FOR?Although raising money is never an easy goal to achieve, investors can sometimes offer businesses more than what they asked for. Since you generally want to only raise the exact amount of money you need to achieve milestones, what do you do if investors are stuffing more cash into your pockets?Since fundraising can be such a drain, it would be rather silly to deny money from interested investors. On the other hand, we’ve also explained the dangers of raising significantly more than you need, so you shouldn’t jump on t he bandwagon without careful consideration.If you are offered more than you asked for, ask yourself these three questions:Will you maintain enough ownership of your company?Investors are unlikely to just offer you free money. It generally comes with the cost of losing some of your ownership in the business. If you are offered more than you wanted, consider whether you’ll end up losing more of the business’ shares than you intended.If the money comes at a devastating cost of ownership, you might be better off declining the offer. Although the loss of ownership, might not seem too devastating for you and accepting the offer can be beneficial for you.Are you diluting your business in terms of valuation?As discussed, more money tends to drive up the valuation of your business. But a higher valuation might not be beneficial for your business, especially if you are a start-up. You need to consider whether the extra money will manifest in diluting your business valuation and therefore, pose a risk for future fundraising.What can you do with the extra money?Likewise, you must have a specific reason for accepting the money, just as you have for raising funds in the first place. You shouldn’t accept money and then start thinking about what to do with it. Extra money will only benefit your business if you know how to use it.This means that you should consider carefully whether you could use to money to add value to your business. Perhaps it could help you achieve your milestone. The extra funding might cut the timeline shorter since you can hire extra staff, for example.If you have a valid route for using the money to either boost the way you achieve the milestone or to add value for your company, accepting the offer might be worthwhile.TO CONCLUDEWhen it comes to raising money, you can’t do it without a clear objective. You don’t want to raise money for the sake of it, but you also don’t want to starve your business from money just because you potentially co uld do without. Money can help boost your business chances and help you achieve the goals you want to achieve.Plan your fundraising well and set objectives you wish to accomplish with the extra funding. Ensure you stay realistic and prepare for when events don’t occur according to plan. In the end, if you know the funds can help your business grow, avoiding a bit of investment is not justified. If it benefits your business and adds value to what you are doing, you’re on the right track.

How Much Money Should You Raise

How Much Money Should You Raise Raising money is undoubtedly among the toughest aspects of running a business. Since money doesn’t grow on trees and you can’t live without it, a business owner has to learn how to find it and use it in an efficient manner.There are often two schools of thoughts when it comes to answering the question, “how much money should you raise?” Some say there’s no limit, while others would prefer raising money at all. But neither of these answers seems realistic or useful when it comes to the real world. © Shutterstock.com | fotogestoeberThis guide will look at 1) the problems of raising too much or too little and 2) help you define just the right amount of money needed to make your business succeed.THE PROBLEMS OF RAISING TOO MUCH MONEYMost business owners think the obvious answer to the question “How much money should I raise?” is “As much as you can”. When you are starting out, with a limited budget, taking whatever money comes your way might seem the right thing to do. But in reality, raising an unlimited amount of money can have some serious drawbacks for your business.Too much money could harm your business, especially start-ups, in different ways. Before you start raising money without an upper limit, you should understand the below risks.More money means more due diligenceIf you are looking to finance your business with equity, you should understand the disadvantages. Adding a professional investor on board always comes with a loss in the ownership of your business. The more money you raise in terms of equity, the less ownership you have over your own business.Not only can this end up costing your business a large amount of money in the long-term, it also adds much more administrative and operational burden for the business. Since your investors are shared-owners of the business, you can’t make major decisions without consulting them. The more investors you have on board, the more difficult and time-consuming this will be.You also must ensure to use the money you’ve raised in an appropriate manner. Controlling a large sum of money, with a business that hasn’t been in operation for too long, can be a challenge.Higher risk means funding isn’t cheapAs we mentioned above, your business might wound up paying more for the equity you raise in the long-term. This is due to the high risks associated with investing in start-ups. Investors often want a healthy return for their money, as they aren’t guaranteed to receive anything from a business that isn’t yet established.Therefore, raising as much as you can is a negative attitude for high risks companies. It is much more advantageous to raise what the business needs to kick-start growing, rather than take all the money thrown at your business.Overvaluation of the business comes with a riskWhen a business raises money, it is essentially valuing its operations. If you are raising large sums of money, your business valuation will go up. While valuation of start-ups is always difficult, overvaluing has more potential risks to undervaluation.Not only can it be difficult to find investors who are willing to invest in a company that is clearly overvaluing itself. But more importantly, raising a vast amount of money at the start can hinder your business’ opportunity to raise further funds.Your second round of funding should typically be able to raise at least the same level as your first round did. But if the business received a large amount of capital, with a clear overvalua tion of the business, a majority of investors won’t be interested in adding to this overvaluation at the second round. This would result in a so called down-round which is not well perceived by investors.Check out the below video for tips on start-up valuation: The problem of ‘easy money’Interestingly, there’s also the issue of ‘easy money’. A start-up that raises unlimited amount of capital can easily mismanage the use of this money. From a psychological point of view, having an excess amount of money can leave you more careless, as you don’t need to focus on the key areas. Since you have money available for nearly anything, you can end up spending in areas that might not require the money at that point in time.If you only have a limited amount of money, you are required to prioritize your spending. If you don’t prioritize, you could focus on the wrong areas or grow faster than your business is able to absorb the growth.THE PROBLEMS OF RAISING TOO LITTLE MONEYOn the other hand, you also shouldn’t answer the question by stating, “I will never raise money”. There are still people who think raising money as a start-up is a mistake and you should only set up a business if you can afford it.But just as raising too much money can have a negative impact on your business, so can raising too little. If you’ve considered skipping the fundraising bit altogether, consider the below drawbacks of raising below the bare minimum.Executing your business plan can be difficultFew businesses are in the position to execute their business plan without any extra funding. You shouldn’t set yourself in a position where a failing business will also mean you lose all of your personal assets as well.The start-up environment is not easy, with nearly 90% of businesses failing in the first few months. You, therefore, don’t want to hinder your operational efficiency by having no extra funds available.Having a strict amount of money will require much more operatio nal oversight. While this focus can certainly have its benefits, it can also be harmful for your start-up. You might be forced to make difficult decisions, such as laying off staff or restructuring the way the business operates. These could mean your business can’t achieve certain milestones, which are essential for further growth.Running a business is not easy, but you shouldn’t turn it into a living hell. As a business owner, you can’t be afraid of taking certain risks and raising outside capital is definitely not something you should actively avoid.Not fundraising can hurt your competitive edgeFurthermore, while you might like the idea of operating without investment, your competitors are unlikely to share this view. You might be able to guarantee your business is operational by slowly building up the business and its revenue stream. But if your competitor can raise money, and therefore speed up its growth, your business can find making money even more difficult.Not raising money in an environment where other businesses do so can hurt your competitiveness. In the long-term, this could mean your business doesn’t succeed simply because it refused to raise any money.Hinder any potential future fundraisingYou are unlikely to be able to ensure your business can operate without any additional fundraising. Even if you don’t raise money at the start, you might come across a need to raise funds later on. But if you wait until you are desperate for funding, you’ll cause fundraising to become harder. Investors can tell when businesses are desperate and this can cause alarm bells to ring in their head. You definitely don’t want to wait until fundraising is a must-do for business survival.DEFINING THE RIGHT AMOUNT FOR YOUR BUSINESSIf raising “too much” and “too little” are problematic answers to the question, the answer must then be “You raise the right amount of money”. But how do you define the “right amount”?There is unfortunately no off icial answer for the right amount of money, as it depends completely on your business’ situation. The good news is there’s a clear three-step procedure for defining the right amount of money.Step one: define your milestonesYour business shouldn’t start raising money without a clear objective. You don’t want to raise money for the sake of fundraising, but rather in order to establish a specific goal.Your business plan should have milestones it wants to achieve. With these milestones, you can ensure your business grows. Achieving certain milestones can be difficult without extra funding and therefore, you want to raise money in order to achieve the specific objective.The milestone your set naturally depend on your business and the industry you operate in. But they could range from increasing your ability to ship 10k products to shops to opening up a new branch.In essence, the milestones must add to the business value. In this sense, milestones reduce the risks involved with in vesting, which can be a great way to attract investors for your business. It will also help your future fundraising efforts to show investors how you’ve been able to hit your milestones in the past.In fact, you could set milestones specifically aimed at helping you attract more money in the next fundraising round. As mentioned, you need to set milestones which add immediate value for your business By defining these, you also cause the actual process of raising money to appear easier. You’ll be meeting investors and you can clearly highlight what you need to boost your business, why and how it can help your business, and the route to achieving this. Being able to demonstrate this will help the investor understand your vision, as well as know the risks involved with fundraising.Step two: calculate the needed money with milestones in mindOnce you’ve set the business milestones you want to achieve, you can start calculating the amount of money you need to achieve them. This will e ssentially give you the measure for the right amount of money to raise.When you are calculating the sums, you need to keep the following points in mind:What are the resources needed to achieve the milestone? These could include anything from pure manpower to the equipment you need. Be meticulous and consider all the different aspects of reaching the milestone. For example, you might need legal services in order to launch a new product line. Make sure you also calculate the cost of services such as this in your estimation.What is the timeline for achieving the milestone? You probably won’t be able to achieve the milestone in a single day. Therefore, your cost estimation must include the timeline as well. Perhaps it’ll take you around three months to launch the new app. What are the business’ operational costs during this time? Again, it is a salutary idea to carefully think about this and draw a realistic timeline. You’d probably want to have the product on shelves in three m onths, but is it realistic?What funding do the resources needed require during this time? Once you are clear about the resources you need to achieve the milestone and the timeline for achieving it, you need to think the overall cost of funding all of it.After these two steps, you have a very clear understanding of the amount of money you are looking to raise. But you also need to prepare something extra.Step three: add a bufferKnowing the exact amount you need for achieving a milestone can be near impossible. No matter how hard you try, there is always the unexpected element of circumstances. Perhaps the legal paperwork doesn’t file through in the first week or one of your project managers falls sick during the design process. Unexpected situations will occur in the business world and you need to prepare for them.Therefore, having a buffer on the above estimation is crucial. How much the buffer should be can depend a bit on the nature of your milestone. It is beneficial to try to think how risky your milestone is â€" the more risky the project, the more buffer you might want to add.But as we’ve discussed the dangers of raising too much and too little, you don’t want to go overboard with your buffer. Typically, around 3-10% of the total cost estimation can be advantageous.The amount you conclude with, after calculating the above, can be close to the perfect fundraising target you should set.WHAT IF YOU ARE OFFERED MORE THAN YOU ASKED FOR?Although raising money is never an easy goal to achieve, investors can sometimes offer businesses more than what they asked for. Since you generally want to only raise the exact amount of money you need to achieve milestones, what do you do if investors are stuffing more cash into your pockets?Since fundraising can be such a drain, it would be rather silly to deny money from interested investors. On the other hand, we’ve also explained the dangers of raising significantly more than you need, so you shouldn’t jump on t he bandwagon without careful consideration.If you are offered more than you asked for, ask yourself these three questions:Will you maintain enough ownership of your company?Investors are unlikely to just offer you free money. It generally comes with the cost of losing some of your ownership in the business. If you are offered more than you wanted, consider whether you’ll end up losing more of the business’ shares than you intended.If the money comes at a devastating cost of ownership, you might be better off declining the offer. Although the loss of ownership, might not seem too devastating for you and accepting the offer can be beneficial for you.Are you diluting your business in terms of valuation?As discussed, more money tends to drive up the valuation of your business. But a higher valuation might not be beneficial for your business, especially if you are a start-up. You need to consider whether the extra money will manifest in diluting your business valuation and therefore, pose a risk for future fundraising.What can you do with the extra money?Likewise, you must have a specific reason for accepting the money, just as you have for raising funds in the first place. You shouldn’t accept money and then start thinking about what to do with it. Extra money will only benefit your business if you know how to use it.This means that you should consider carefully whether you could use to money to add value to your business. Perhaps it could help you achieve your milestone. The extra funding might cut the timeline shorter since you can hire extra staff, for example.If you have a valid route for using the money to either boost the way you achieve the milestone or to add value for your company, accepting the offer might be worthwhile.TO CONCLUDEWhen it comes to raising money, you can’t do it without a clear objective. You don’t want to raise money for the sake of it, but you also don’t want to starve your business from money just because you potentially co uld do without. Money can help boost your business chances and help you achieve the goals you want to achieve.Plan your fundraising well and set objectives you wish to accomplish with the extra funding. Ensure you stay realistic and prepare for when events don’t occur according to plan. In the end, if you know the funds can help your business grow, avoiding a bit of investment is not justified. If it benefits your business and adds value to what you are doing, you’re on the right track.

Across Most Of Europe, Foreign Language Learning For At

Across most of Europe, foreign language learning for at least one year is obligatory for all pupils whilst in compulsory education (Eurydice, 2012), so it is no wonder that research into the most affective foreign language teaching methods continues to grow. One such methodology that has gained momentum in recent decades is Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL). The term was first introduced in 1994 by David Marsh and Anne Maljers (Marsh, 1994) and is an umbrella term that covers more than twenty educational approaches, each sharing common methodologies (Marsh, 2006), and all of which are related to the instruction of a second language in certain subjects of the curriculum other than language classes. Although this term was not†¦show more content†¦Finally, the parameter for culture serves to assure CLIL learners gain an increased awareness of themselves and others, as well as an enhanced tolerance and understanding of other cultures. As previously mentioned, CLIL is a general term which covers many different educational approaches. Indeed this can be viewed as one of the many attributes of CLIL. It can be adapted at a national, or even local, level to suit the needs of the education system it serves in, and such variety in models of CLIL can be seen across Europe (Coonan, 2003). The purpose of the 4Cs framework, then, is to provide those wishing to implicate some form of CLIL with a basis from which to begin, therefore these four parameters must be taken into account. As previously mentioned CLIL is an umbrella term, put forward by Coyle in order to produce a cohesive apparatus for this type of language learning, and as such it unites many different educational theories and language-learning theories. Whilst CLIL as it is known has only come into the field recently, the educational theories upon which it is built predate it by some decades. For the purposes of this paper, these education theories will be grouped into constructivist theories and language-acquisition theories. Lev Vygotsky (1978) was a prominent scholar in the field of constructivism, who put forward a theory related to the development of children’s higher order thinking skillsShow MoreRelatedEssay about English: The Most Important Language of Today885 Words   |  4 Pages Presently, English is the most wide spread language in terms of the number of countries that speak the language as a mother tongue or foreign language. Regardless of languages such as Mandarin, Arabic and Spanish having a great number of speakers, English dominates as a foreign language for many. A Newsweek Magazine article, written by John McWhorter, ranks English as the world’s international language today and states it is likely to remain this way in the future (McWhorter). Writer Dorie ClarkRead MoreEnglishnization at Rakuten Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesOctober 10 Language Globalization: â€Å"Englishnization† at Rakuten 2013 The issues, options recommendations for Rakuten Nirgun (e123001) Language Globalization: â€Å"Englishnization† at Rakuten 2013 Issues Accepting change: It was very difficult for most of the Japanese employees to adapt to this policy of changing organizational culture through cross border communication. They never realized that they have to learn a completely new language for the sake of globalization. PerformanceRead MoreTeaching And Learning Of A Second Language1267 Words   |  6 Pages For many years, the teaching and learning of a second language has been the norm in schools throughout Europe and the United States. 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Transmutation Definition and Examples

The word transmutation means something different to a scientist, particularly a physicist or chemist, compared to the ordinary usage of the term. Transmutation Definition (trÄÆ'ns†²myoÍžo-tÄ Ã¢â‚¬ ²shÉ™n) (n) Latin transmutare -- to change from one form into another.  To transmute is to change from one form or substance into another; to transform or convert. Transmutation is the act or process of transmuting. There are multiple specific definitions of transmutation, depending on the discipline. In the general sense, transmutation is any transformation from one form or species into another on.(Alchemy) Transmutation is the conversion of base elements into precious metals, such as gold or silver. The artificial production of gold, chrysopoeia, was a goal of alchemists, who sough to develop a Philosophers Stone that would be capable of the transmutation. The alchemists attempted to use chemical reactions to achieve transmutation. They were unsuccessful because nuclear reactions are required.(Chemistry) Transmutation is the conversion of one chemical element into another. Element transmutation may occur either naturally or via a synthetic route. Radioactive decay, nuclear fission, and nuclear fusion are natural processes by which one element may become another. Scientists most commonly transmute elements by bombarding the nucleus of a target atom with particles, forcing the target to change its atomic number, and thus its elemental identity. Related Terms: Transmute (v), Transmutational (adj), Transmutative (adj), Transmutationist (n)Transmutation Examples The classic goal of alchemy was to turn the base metal  lead into the more valuable metal  gold. While alchemy did not achieve this goal, physicists and chemists learned how to transmute elements. For example, Glenn Seaborg made gold from bismuth in 1980. There are reports that Seaborg also  transmuted a minute quantity of lead into gold, possibly en route via bismuth. However, its much easier to transmute gold into lead:  Ã‚   197Au  Ã‚  n  Ã¢â€ â€™Ã‚  198Au (half life  2.7 days) →  198Hg   n →  199Hg n →  200Hg n →  201Hg n →  202Hg n →  203Hg (half life 47 days) →  203Tl   n →  204Tl (half life 3.8 years) →  204Pb  (half life 1.4x1017  years) The Spallation Neutron Source has transmuted liquid mercury into gold, platinum, and iridium, using particle acceleration. Gold may be made using a nuclear reactor by irradiating mercury or platinum (producing radioactive isotopes). If mercury-196 is used as the starting isotope, slow neutron capture followed by electron capture can produce the single stable isotope, gold-197. Transmutation History The term transmutation may be traced back to the early days of alchemy. By the Middle Ages, attempts at alchemical transmutation were outlawed and alchemists Heinrich Khunrath and Michael Maier exposed fraudulent claims of chrysopoeia. In the 18th century, alchemy was largely supplanted by the science of chemistry, after Antoine Lavoisier and John Dalton proposed atomic theory. The first true observation of transmutation came in 1901, when Frederick Soddy and Ernest Rutherford observed thorium changing into radium via radioactive decay. According to Soddy, he exclaimed, Rutherford, this is transmutation! To which Rutherford replied, For Christs sake, Soddy, dont call it  transmutation. Theyll have our heads off as alchemists!

The Importance Of A Healthy Lifestyle On Good Nutrition,...

CHAPTER 3 When health is absent, wisdom cannot reveal itself, art cannot become manifest, strength cannot be exerted, wealth is useless, and reason is powerless. –Herophiles 300 B.C. Growing up I had generally experienced good health. Sure I had my share of runny noses, upset stomachs and scraped knees but I was usually energetic, athletic, creative and optimistic about life. Health, fitness and well-being were important to my family. I came to value the importance of a healthy lifestyle: good nutrition, proper sleep, exercise and sportsmanship. Education was equally emphasized, â€Å"a sound mind in a sound body,† my grandfather repeatedly told my sister and me. My grandfather, Pop-Pop, was a gregarious, tall and handsome man with a gleam in his eye who greatly valued education. I listened carefully to the conversations at the weekly Sunday night dinner table when we visited my grandparents because I always learned something new. Even though the prevailing rule was â€Å"children are seen but not heard,† Pop-Pop always welcomed my questions about economics, politics, history, human nature, art and literature. In fact, he encouraged them. He was the smartest and wisest person I knew. I have never forgotten what my grandfather wrote in my autograph book when I was in second grade, â€Å"Good, better, best, never let it rest, until your good is your better and your better is your best.† I had been a good student, curious about everything and I always wanted to better myself. There was noShow MoreRelatedImportance of Physical Education in Schools2064 Words   |  9 Pages Importance of Physical Education in Schools SPO3001 Learn to Swim Table of Contents Page Introduction 3 Definition of Physical Education 3 What is taught in Physical Education? 4 Importance of Physical Education 5 The Importance of Physical Education as it relates to Swimming 7 Disadvantages of lack of Physical Education 9 Conclusion 10 References 11 Introduction Physical education plays a vital roleRead MoreHealth Of Health And Wellness1839 Words   |  8 Pageswellness and its importance. So I learned in this health class is about eating healthy and eating nutrition food like chicken and white rice great organic food ect .For example Heath and wellness are key components in my life. To me, so I m talk about me first then my family and so no health issues such as, illness, sickness or injury. Wellness is a synonym of health, however I would define it as living a happy, healthy lifestyle with little or no health issues. I feel the importance of health shouldRead MorePre, During And Post Competition Meals For Athletes3585 Words   |  15 Pagesbody to function at the highest potential. With the aim of keeping their bodies constantly healthy as well as themselves at an optimal shape for their sporting performances, they will ultimately wan to achieve two important things through their diet: a healthy nutrition and the maximum body energy. With a considerate attention and a keen commitment channeled on the field work coupled with a proper nutrition at the training table, any desired outcome can easily be acquired. For this reason, mostRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 PagesTrue purpose of sports nowadays b. Sports and Media 8. Foreign Aid a. How effective is Foreign Aid? 9. Migration a. Is migration/having foreigners good? 10. Subjects a. Literature b. History c. Mathematics d. Universal language 11. Businesses a. Business morality b. Charities as businesses 12. Democracy a. Good vs. Bad 13. Social Issues (only stats provided) a. Gender b. Family c. Equality 14. Governance a. World Governance 15. Others a. CooperationRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesis currently working on a book in applied mathematical statistics. He is the recipient of a distinguished teaching award from Cal Poly and is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association. In his spare time, he enjoys reading, cooking and eating good food, tennis, and travel to faraway places. He is especially proud of his wife, Carol, a retired elementary school teacher, his daughter Allison, who works for the Center for Women and Excellence in Boston, and his daughter Teri, who is ï ¬ nishing a

Networked Application Management for Block chain-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theNetworked Application Management for Block chain. Answer: Introduction: The blockchain is one of the most advanced and growing technology in the world now a days. Block chain can be defined as the shared public decentralized ledger which is used in all the type of the crypto currencies. In order words its works for recording transmission transaction which occurs across many computer systems so that the records cannot be altered, tampered without the alteration of the subsequent blocks of thee collusion network. This paper will discuss about the architectures of the block chain, importance and features of the block chain concept and the basic working application of the blockchain process. Block chain Architecture Block chain architecture is a type of network architecture which does not contain a central server [1]. It is a mesh type of network where the computers are connected to each other instead of a central computer [2]. The computers of a block chain work with a shared state of data and adhere certain constraints implied on the data [3]. This is basically an algorithmic and accurate globally spread ledger. The core application of block chain is transaction database modeled as a safe ledger. It is mainly used for the crypto currency transactions like bit coin, Montero and so on [4]. The block chain has a peer to peer architecture for transactions without any middle organization like bank[5]. The architecture is based on various blocks of data and the transaction is done. Features The four main features of block chain are Increased capacity The block chain is a peer to peer technology which increases the capacity of whole network. Many computers work together connectively has higher processing power than centralized servers[6]. An example of increasing network capacity is Folding coin project started by Stanford university. It created a distributed supercomputer that stimulated protein folding for research related to medical technology. The research required very fast computers as the proteins fold very fast and it can not be computed using single computers with low processing power. Instead of using a costly supercomputer the work was done using several low cost computers by distributed computing. Better security Block chain has high security because there is no single server which can be point of failure and can be compromised by hacking[7]. The network is difficult to shut down in a distributed computing system like block chain. It may be possible to hack individual key but the whole network can not be compromised. Block chains are secured by many computers that run nodes and confirm transactions on the networks[8]. Public block chains use their own currency as an incentive mechanism to reward miners for securing transactions on the ledger. Bitcoin system is one of the most secured example of crypto currency based on block chain technology. Immutability The block chains have one of the most important propositions i.e creating immutable ledgers. A centralized database may face issues like being corrupted and have to rely on third party venders to keep the information secured[9]. Block chains like bitcoin keep the ledger in a continuous state of forward momentum because millions of dollars worth of hashing power ensure new transactions that are kept record of. Faster settlement The traditional banking system is very slow and generally has red tape culture involved in most of the international transactions[10]. Block chains can usually settle the transactions in short time and almost instantly. This can save money and time for entire industry. Challenges The few challenges that block chain technology should overcome before it can be adopted in huge scale are Initial costs The block chain if adopted can give long term benefits but on the contradiction it has high cost of implementation. The block chain has high efficiency and productivity, timeliness and low cost of maintenance [11]. The software used to maintain block chain technology is generally used, made by some specific development companies for some specific companies. The specific software development and operation needs trained personnel which is also costly. The organizations have to pay huge salary to the personnel for the work related to block chain [12]. So it is very difficult for a medium or small company to afford block chain technology. Integration with legacy systems In order to implement the block chain the companies have to completely replace the legacy systems. The problem lies in implementing the Block chain as it cannot cater all the needs of an organization. As a result a major change has to be made to the existing system. The expenses of such implementation are huge and also complicated. Energy consumption The crypto currency technology of bit coin and ethereal consumes huge power for mining so the block chain technology is very much energy consuming technology. The proof-of-work mechanism is the reason of the high energy consumption. Apart from the energy required to operate the computers huge energy is also needed to cool down the computers. Public perception The block chain technology is still alien to common public and difficult to make a mainstream move. The public perception presently, block chain technology is nearly synonymous with Bit coin. Though the value of bit coin continues to rise to unprecedented levels, there is still an association of the crypto currency with the shadowy dealings of money laundering, black market trade and other illegal activities. Privacy and security Block chains are according to its design are actually publicly visible. The Bit coin Block chain is visible to all the users who have made transactions in the network. The government and the corporations should be careful about protection and access of data as in place of sensible data Block chain technology cannot be used. Applications of Block chain Currency The block chain is the backbone of crypto currency technology it is the technology used for bit coin and ether which is currency of ethereal [13]. The insurance claiming process is also simplified by use of the block chain. The crypto currencies are based on the block chain technology. The global payments sector is error-prone, costly, and open to money laundering. It takes days if not longer for money to cross the world [14]. The block chain is already providing solutions with remittance companies such asAbra,Align CommerceandBitsparkthat offer end-to-end blockchain powered remittance services[15]. In 2004, Santander became one of the first banks to merge blockchain to a payments app, enabling customers to make international payments 24 hours a day, while clearing the next day. Smart contracts Block chain has helped to implement the smart contract system without the involvement of any third party and made it hassle free. The technology basically based on the concept of vendor machine where the buyer or seller can directly do business. Smart contract enforces the same obligation automatically like a traditional pen paper based contract. Smart contracts provide the users full autonomy and also it is trusted[16]. The safety of smart contracts is maintained by cryptography. Hacking attacks can not affect the smart contracts. The smart contract is less time consuming compared to the conventional pen paper based contracts[17]. Automated contracts are accurate and do not contain any error like manual contracts. Socio technical aspects The blockchain reduces the notary cost. It has made the transactions faster and secured without any involvement of any third party like banking system or any middle agency..Cryptographically signedproofs of existence can be used to enforce the authorship and ownership of data (in the latter case they are called smart properties). In the case, we need to verify if any illegitimate registration ever occurred and we want to discourage anyone willing to register illegitimately data they should not own, the blockchain transparency makes a no-brainer to get the job done. Property right title could not be enforced easier nowadays. The block chain network is difficult to close down in a distributed computing system like block chain. It may be possible to hack individual key but the whole network can not be hacked[18]. Block chains are secured by many computers that run nodes and confirm transactions on the networks. Public block chains use their own currency as an incentive mechanism to rewa rd miners for securing transactions on the ledger. The distributed computing Conclusion: Thus, concluding the topic it can be said that the concept of the blockchain is one of the major thing technology which is becoming more and more advanced with passing days. The concept has not only helped the crypto currency owner to keep a track of the transactions but has also helped them in securing the data from the foul players of the internet. The concept of this is rising day by day as more and more people are learning of the concept.IT has also helped the society to understand the concept and the working principal of the system. The cryptography hashing helps to encrypt the transactions and keep the sensible data and transaction safe from hacking attempts. . It is an important feature of the crypto currencies to be visible to the users. Reference [1]M. Swan,Blockchain. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly, 2015. [2]Zyskind, G. and Nathan, O., May. Decentralizing privacy: Using blockchain to protect personal data. InSecurity and Privacy Workshops (SPW), 2015 IEEE(pp. 180-184). IEEE 2015. [3]Kosba, A., Miller, A., Shi, E., Wen, Z. and Papamanthou, C., May. Hawk: The blockchain model of cryptography and privacy-preserving smart contracts. InSecurity and Privacy (SP), 2016 IEEE Symposium on(pp. 839-858). IEEE,2016. [4]Eyal, I., Gencer, A.E., Sirer, E.G. and Van Renesse, R., March. Bitcoin-NG: A Scalable Blockchain Protocol. InNSDI(pp. 45-59),2016 [5]Cachin, C., July. Architecture of the Hyperledger blockchain fabric. InWorkshop on Distributed Cryptocurrencies and Consensus Ledgers, 2016. [6]Iansiti, M. and Lakhani, K.R.. The truth about blockchain.Harvard Business Review,95(1), pp.118-127, 2017 [7] Swan, M., March. Blockchain thinking: The brain as a dac (decentralized autonomous organization). InTexas Bitcoin Conference(pp. 27-29), 2015. [8] Underwood, S., Blockchain beyond bitcoin.Communications of the ACM,59(11), pp.15-17, 2016. [9] Korpela, K., Hallikas, J. and Dahlberg, T., January. Digital supply chain transformation toward blockchain integration. Inproceedings of the 50th Hawaii international conference on system sciences, 2017 [10] Rckeshuser, N., Do we really want blockchain-based accounting? Decentralized consensus as enabler of management override of internal controls, 2017. [11] Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H.N. and Wang, H., Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey.Work Pap.2016, 2016 [12] Porru, S., Pinna, A., Marchesi, M. and Tonelli, R., May. Blockchain-oriented software engineering: challenges and new directions. InProceedings of the 39th International Conference on Software Engineering Companion(pp. 169-171). IEEE Press, 2017. [13] Herrera-Joancomart, J. and Prez-Sol, C., September. Privacy in bitcoin transactions: new challenges from blockchain scalability solutions. InModeling Decisions for Artificial Intelligence(pp. 26-44). Springer, Cham, 2016. [14] Nofer, M., Gomber, P., Hinz, O. and Schiereck, D., Blockchain.Business Information Systems Engineering,59(3), pp.183-187, 2017. [15] Lin, I.C. and Liao, T.C., A Survey of Blockchain Security Issues and Challenges.IJ Network Security,19(5), pp.653-659, 2017. [16] Kosba, A., Miller, A., Shi, E., Wen, Z. and Papamanthou, C., May. Hawk: The blockchain model of cryptography and privacy-preserving smart contracts. InSecurity and Privacy (SP), 2016 IEEE Symposium on(pp. 839-858). IEEE, 2016. [17] Christidis, K. and Devetsikiotis, M., Blockchains and smart contracts for the internet of things.IEEE Access,4, pp.2292-2303, 2016. [18] Luu, L., Chu, D.H., Olickel, H., Saxena, P. and Hobor, A., October. Making smart contracts smarter. InProceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security(pp. 254-269). ACM, 2016.

6 Powerful Reasons to Quit Your Job

6 Powerful Reasons to Quit Your Job In any job, there will be things you need to put up with. Personality differences, questionable lunch choices in an open-plan cubicle environment, the coworker who clips his nails at his desk- all are things that likely need to be endured (or at least ignored) in the interest of workplace harmony. However, there are definitely some serious workplace issues where you shouldn’t adopt the â€Å"suck it up† policy. Here are 6 powerful reasons you should quit your job.1. Being asked to do something morally or ethically wrongWe all have core personal morals and values, no matter what job we’re doing. If your job asks you to do something you know is wrong, or that you believe to be wrong, this is not a job you should keep. The request may be something small, something you could push through and look the other way, but that small thing could grow into a larger ask or a series of requests that make you feel uncomfortable. Very few jobs are worth having panic attacks- even fewer are worth sacrificing your core values.2. Being asked to do anything illegalThis is even less of a gray area. It’s not just you thinking this is wrong, it’s the law. In real life, illegal activity isn’t always caught like it is in the Hollywood-ized version- but if your company (or your boss) is ever caught and scrutinized, do you really want to be the one holding the bag? â€Å"I was just doing my job† sounds awfully weak in court, so why put yourself in that position? If your job is asking you to do things that are illegal, that opens up a whole host of consequences that you need to consider carefully. Unless you’re ready to deal with those consequences, it’s time to hand in your notice.3. Harassment or bullyingBullying is something that happens only in kids’ lives, right? Surely professional adults would never stoop to that kind of behavior. Sadly, no. Verbal abuse is never okay, whether it’s from senior employees to junior ones, or colleagues who think it’s funny to belittle others. Basically, you should never be made to feel uncomfortable in a work situation- and if you are, it’s okay to speak up and say so. All of you are professionals, and deserving of respect- no matter if you’re the CEO or the assistant. You shouldn’t assume by default that you’re just being thin-skinned; Human Resource departments are trained in how to handle situations like this effectively and discreetly. If that doesn’t work and it becomes a pattern, it’s time to move on.4. Giving up a personal life.This is a pretty common refrain, ‘cause it’s true: no one gets to the end of a career and wishes that he or she’d worked more hours instead of spending time with friends and family. Many jobs, especially ones outside the 9-to-5 template or ones that work on deadlines, make it challenging to balance work and personal life.If you find that your personal life is being crowded out altogether due to your long hours or answering emails 24/7, it’s definitely time for a priority re-evaluation. If you don’t see the situation getting better, then don’t wait for the Ghost of Christmas Past to come along and remind you of everything you missed by staying at your job. Start looking for a new job (or even a different career path) that works with your personal goals as well as your professional ones.5. Jobs that hurt you physicallyMost jobs are up front about physical demands†¦must be able to lift 50 pounds or more, must be able to stand for hours at a time. If you find yourself performing physically demanding tasks that you didn’t know you were signing on to do, you don’t have to suck it up and pop painkillers to get through your day. Or even if you knew ahead of time, but you’re less able to cope with the heavy lifting and standing than you used to be, it’s time to think hard about what youâ⠂¬â„¢re doing. Your health is not worth losing for one job.6. Sexual harassmentThis can be one of the toughest dealbreakers to handle, because often it’s not the job itself that is the problem- it’s a person in your workplace. Again, you should never be made to feel uncomfortable at work. However, in reality, identifying it and doing something about it can turn into a complicated mess of â€Å"he said/she said,† and the person reporting it can be made to feel like they’d have negative career repercussions for doing so. If someone at your job (any gender, any seniority level) is making you feel uncomfortable by making inappropriate comments or advances, that’s just not acceptable. The stress of the situation may well undo any positive career progress you’d get by staying, so it’s important to take a serious look at other job options and opportunities. You should never, ever feel obligated to stay in a role where you’re treated s o unprofessionally. And more importantly, you should never feel like you need to hide it and keep going for the sake of the job.There are always other jobs out there. That can be tough to imagine in a tight job market, but a job that asks you to violate any number of personal boundaries is likely not a job that would make you proud and fulfilled later on in your career. Sometimes it’s best to walk away, with your best self intact, and search for the next opportunity.

Calculating Density - Worked Example Problem

Calculating Density Problem Density is a measure of how much matter is in a space. It is expressed in units of mass per volume, such as g/cm3 or kg/L. This is a worked example of how to calculate the density when given the volume and mass of a substance. Sample Density Problem A brick of salt measuring 10.0 cm x 10.0 cm x 2.0 cm weighs 433 grams. What is its density?Solution:Density is the amount of mass per unit volume, or:D M/VDensity Mass/VolumeStep 1: Calculate VolumeIn this example, you are given the dimensions of the object, so you have to calculate the volume. The formula for volume depends on the shape of the object, but its a simple calculation for a box: Volume length x width x thicknessVolume 10.0 cm x 10.0 cm x 2.0 cmVolume 200.0 cm3Step 2: Determine Density Now you have the mass and the volume, which is all the information you need to calculate density.Density Mass/VolumeDensity 433 g/200.0 cm3Density 2.165 g/cm3Answer:The density of the salt brick is 2.165 g/cm3. A Note About Significant Figures In this example, the length and mass measurements all had 3 significant figures. So, the answer for density should also be reported using this number of significant figures. Youll have to decide whether to truncate the value to read 2.16 or whether to round it up to 2.17.

Discuss critically distinctions between Islamic finance regulation and Essay

Discuss critically distinctions between Islamic finance regulation and conventional financing of commercial credit - Essay Example Islamic financing was first introduced in the UK in 1990 and has since developed to such an extent that the UK hosts the largest share of Islamic assets (valued at US$18 billion) among all Western countries and is eight worldwide.6 As of 2008, there were five â€Å"stand-alone† Islamic banks in the UK and more than 20 conventional banks offering Islamic products.7 This paper provides a critical analysis of the distinctions between Islamic finance regulation and conventional financing of commercial credit. The modernized form of Islamic finance began in Egypt during 1963 when the Mitt Ghamr savings system was introduced as a â€Å"social banking initiative†.8 By 1975 the first commercial Islamic banks were established: Islamic Development Bank and the Dubai Islamic Bank. The Islamic banking sector grew at a steady pace and by the 1990s there was a growing demand for Islamic financial products in investments and loans. In more recent years, the growth in demand and supply of Islamic financial products has been more expansive. Between 2006 and 2008, Islamic financial assets experienced a growth rate of 30%. As a result, Sharia compliant banking products have been described as the worlds â€Å"fastest growing financial sector†.9 There are at least 614 â€Å"registered Islamic finance institutions† in 47 countries with Islamic assets increasing from US$150 billion during the 1990s to approximately US$700 billion by 2007.10 The growth and expansion of Islamic banking and financial products have been impressive. Holden reports that over the last thirty years or so, Muslims all over the world have demonstrated a propensity for withdrawing billions of dollars from conventional banking systems and transferring them to Islamic banking and financial systems. In addition, conventional banks have shown an increasing willingness to offer Islamic banking and financial products and services.11 Islamic banking is defined as a â€Å"system of

Iran's Military Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Iran's Military Assessment - Essay Example As discussed above that the Iranian Military strategy has changed since the revolution of 1979 and as such its overall focus in on maintaining the regime and strengthening its hold over the power. 2In order to secure the regime, Iranian military is therefore focused upon the deterrence strategy. Further, the strategy is also focused upon surviving against hard military threats from US and Israel and as Iran continue to hold a military and foreign policy in a manner which is targeted at US and Israel. (Eisenstadt 2001) Iran’s overall composition of forces is based upon holding more than 2 different military build-ups which are focused upon overseeing different strategic objectives of the country. The military as such comprised of Army, Navy and Air force however, it is also supported by the Army of the Guardians of Islamic Revolution. The Army of Guardians of Islamic Revolution has its own factions of air, sea and ground forces. Iran has more than 500,000 ground forces which form the part of Iranian Military whereas the Army of the Guardians of Islamic Revolution has estimated to have more 120,000 personnel. Iran also has a separate paramilitary force which has approximately 100,000 personnel. The paramilitary force is also believed to have more than a million reserve personnel who can be called upon if needed.3 Iran’s naval force, its overall composition as well as proficiency is based upon Islamic Revolution, Iran’s overall relationships with its neighbors and to some extent Petroleum too. Iran’s Navy is also split into two parts i.e. the one which existed during Shah Era and the one which was created after revolution. Iran’s Naval force is mainly based in it’s the Strait of Hormuz which is only 90 nautical miles long and 35 nautical miles wide.4 Iran’s naval proficiency is based upon its doctrine of asymmetric war which Iran

Change Management at ExxonMobil

Change Management at ExxonMobil Introduction: The purpose of this report is to critically evaluate the change management policies of ExxonMobil Corporation with special of focus on. Factors influencing Exxon Mobil Cooperation. Alternative form of organizational development. effectiveness of Exxon Mobil strategy for managing change with in the organization . problems in managing change ExxonMobil is the largest publically traded energy company which evolve form small marketer of kerosene in regions of United States to the largest publically traded petrochemical and petroleum company/business in the world which operate in many parts of the world over a time period of 125 year. 1 ExxonMobile prepare product that which are as diverse as supplying petrochemical building blocks from which thousand of other products used by individual consumers are made to drive new generation of transportation, power cities and to lubricant industry. Today ExxonMobil is energy for growing economies and helping improve the standard of life throughout the world. ExxonMobil has build its structure on the structure on globalize basis and therefore its designed in itself allow ExxonMobil to compete in the best possible way in the dynamic market of energy industry worldwide and furthermore ExxonMobil always strive for and use innovative and changing technology to deliver its energy product which includes exploration, production and finally sell of crude oil, natural gas and petroleum product not only in United States but throughout the world . Task 1 Factors affecting and influencing Exxon Mobile is innovation and change strategy. Environmental awareness among public cause energy companies like ExxonMobil to work in a more responsible way due to increase expectation of public. Today competitive and informed world it is increasingly important and become a necessity for energy companies the change the way the use to conduct their operation and to strive for and achieve operational excellence with following areas are critical such ethical operations, safety of employees, environment , local community etc, corporate governance and corporate social responsibility, security, operations reliability , healthy and energy efficiency with good environmental performance, investment in environmentally sound together economically worthwhile projects. 2 Today environmentally concern and active atmosphere requires from energy companies especially from industry giants like ExxonMobil to not only follow law and regulations in later and spirit as minimum but go beyond and comply an uphold high standard even to place/areas where there is no particular legal requirement. Therefore it is increasingly important for energy companies especially big names like ExxonMobil to not only achieve good results but also look at the means of achieving those results and develop uphold high ethical standard with strong controls in business and practical approach and actions regarding corporate governance and social responsibility. 2 Energy market is traditionally and by its very nature is significantly different from other business as here decision are made for the future as long as as decade ahead instead months or years in other business and therefore decision making require formal and discipline, organize approach . Innovation and continuous change in technology is essential in todays energy industry as through technological innovation new opportunities are created by delivering least cost solutions development which is vital for success in this dynamic and competitive environment together with this technological innovation and change is vital and for improving performance as well. Operating a one global functional organization is one of most significant challenge which todays organization faces with common standard process and culture of one corporation generate significant competitive advantage and finding new ways to increase cooperation and working one big global functional organization is important factor to consider when making change and innovation strategy. Extraordinary performance of any organization will always depend on the performance people working in it. Therefore any change and innovation strategy must take into account human factors and try to attract and retain outstanding people. Contributing to community in which business is operating is also important factor and therefore must be consider when making strategy for change as it give positive image of an organization which is important asset. The ultimate aim of any business to make profit and therefore any strategy must take into account the financial worth of different measures to be taken. Global reduction in demand for energy due to recession and other reason create additional pressure on our industry. Leaders around the world are discussing importance of climate change policies which create significant legislative un certainties which would have significant and huge long term impact every one using developing or using energy. The fact is, government and private-sector assessments of the worlds energy needs consistently highlight the certainty of rising demand over time. As the world grows and economies develop, future demand for energy will grow dramatically. The International Energy Agency and many others predict that the worlds total energy demand will grow by 35 percent in 2030 versus the demand in 2005, even after factoring in the current economic slowdown. 2 Task 2: Bureaucracy is a way of organising work in which people are treated as interchangeable and replaceable cogs to fill specialised roles. Two key features of bureaucracy are hierarchy and a specialised division of labour. Other characteristics of an ideal bureaucracy are rules which describe the duties of members, a set of standard operating procedures, and impersonal relations between members. In a model bureaucracy, initiatives and policy directions come only from the top echelons. Work in carrying out policies is done at the lower levels within the guidelines set from above. Most large modern organisations are bureaucratic in form: government departments, corporations, political parties, churches and trade unions. None of these real organisations are pure bureaucracies. For example, initiatives and policy directions in political parties and trade unions sometimes come from the rank and file. The main demerit of bureaucratic organizations includes lack of innovation. All the processes and tasks are so much fixed that the innovation process is almost eliminated in bureaucratic organizations. Employees get demotivated because of lesser employee participation and involvement. HR cant be utilized in the fullest manner by optimizing creativity which is the prime disadvantage in bureaucratic structure of the organizations. Advantages include the increased control and monitoring of upper level management. The success of the organizations depend upon the wise decisions of top management. If the top management is good, then results can be favorable and if the top management is not good then it can result in disaster. Task 3 Importance of change strategy for ExxonMobil and Potential problems : Now that we had look at the various factor affecting and influencing the change and innovation strategy now we would look at the importance of change to ExxonMobil. There is never been more importance and need for energy industry to think ahead and formed strategies which are essential to address the difficult challenges that this industry face and improve the efficiency of value chain of entire energy industry. In todays increasingly environmentally conscious and concern environment energy companies are not only expected by but required to show more commitment to safety, security, health and of course the environment/ climate in order to not only survive but achieve superior results. And therefore Exxon has to change the way industry work in past and develop new and innovative approach to things. Potential problem from changing the manner in which energy business use to operate will be most importantly cost as new approach to things required financial and other resource. ExxonMobil is in operation since past 125 years and its would be very challenging to difficult to change the culture and manner in which it work in past such as bringing safety and health concerns embedded in the culture in of ExxonMobil would require lots of efforts training and commitment from senior management and middle management. The energy industry is has the most important role to play as it has played in past (by providing significant tax revenue to governments, providing huge employment and increase share holders value )in the development of not only national economies but global development. The potential problems are legislature and people are taking energy industry as source of additional tax revenue which is though short term view which will restrict growth in long term and so that new jobs and high energy cost for consumers. The oil and gas is expected to remain primary source of energy and expected that almost 60% of energy supply of world till 2030 will be through oil and gas. Although there is enough oil reserve according to source there are four trillion barrels of oil and gas reservoirs are present around the world but problems with their extraction as only one trillion is extracted till now Therefore there is still significant amount challenges ahead in terms of scale of efforts and technological deployment required and required for long term not for years and months but decade and generations as this new supply of energy will come from thousands of mile away or thousands of feet below the sea level, so to keep energy supply stable international energy agency estimate that an investment of 25 trillion dollars required . There is another problem associated with the energy demand and finally is the environmental impact on increase energy as carbon dioxide emission of the world is increasing by an average on one percent per year. The continues improvement of operations will not only result in result in fueling the economic growth in this turbulent time but also meet the future need s of energy product. There is huge demand of energy in future expected and therefore this demand will create opportunities for energy companies to develop new source of energy and improve their existing operation to improve efficiency. The problem with improving efficiency is that it require financial resource and with measure taken by governments to increase tax on energy products limiting its ability to invest in improvement of its operations but energy industry must continue to improver their safety and reliability of operation with efficiency of its plants and increase shareholders return. Task 4 Issues encountered during implementation of change Exxon mobile has an effective strategies to deal with the problem arises as a result change and innovation strategies takes place. ExxonMobil responded on setting high standards for operation through its operation integrity management systems which provide a framework to ensure its operation safe and according to standard set.In past there were very few incident with very rate of work related injuries and illness show effectiveness of its safety strategy in past. ExxonMobil reduce its corporate wide lost time incident rate by setting priorities, measuring progress and holding people accountable Exxon has given particular importance to operational efficiency in past and therefore they can claim that operational efficiency in build in deep inside in their culture Operations safety and integrity are central to the successful execution of ExxonMobils business strategies. The objective of operational excellence is embedded in our company culture and drives continuous improvements in all areas of our business. ExxonMobil has developed a wide range of management and operating systems that address critical aspects of our business, including: ethics, safety, corporate governance, security, health, environmental performance, operations reliability, business controls, project investment and execution, energy efficiency, profit improvement, and external affairs. The disciplined application of these management and operating systems, deployed through our functional organization, has consistently delivered superior result. Operate in a Safe and Environmentally Responsible Manner ExxonMobils long-term safety performance leads the industry. Its commitment to safety, security, health, and the environment creates a solid foundation for superior results inall aspects of our business. ExxonMobils senior management and employees are committed to the goal of creating an incident-free workplace, and our culture reflects this objective. ExxonMobil drives improvement in environmental performance with the goal of reducing incidents with real environmental impact to zero. i t conduct business using an approach that is compatible with both the environmental and economic needs of the communities in which we operate. ExxonMobil has developed a wide range of management and operating systems that address critical aspects of our business, including: ethics, safety, corporate governance,  security, health, environmental performance, operations reliability, business controls, project investment and execution, energy efficiency, profit improvement, and external  affairs. The disciplined application of these management and operating systems, deployed through our functional organization, has consistently delivered superior result Uphold High Standards ExxonMobil adheres to all applicable laws and regulations as a minimum standard, and, when requirements do not exist, they apply responsible standards to their day to day operations. Which shows believe that a well-founded reputation for high ethical  standards, strong business controls, and good corporate governance is a priceless corporate asset. This means that how they give importantance to achieve results is as important as the results themselves. They choose the course of highest integrity in all of their business interactions. Directors, officers, and employees must comply with their Standards of  Business Conduct. Invest with Discipline The energy industry is a long-term business that requires decisions to be made with a time horizon that is measured in decades, rather than months or years, and that spans multiple business cycles. Projects are tested over a range of economic scenarios to ensure that risks are properly identified, evaluated, and managed. This approach enables superior investment returns through the business cycle. ExxonMobil proven project management system incorporates best practices developed around the world. Emphasis on theearly phases of concept selection and effective project execution results in investments that maximize resource and asset value. ExxonMobil complete a rigorous reappraisal of all major projects and incorporate learnings into future project planning and design, further strengthening our capabilities. Differentiate with Proprietary Technology Technology is vital to meeting the worlds growing demand for energy. ExxonMobil has a long-standing commitment to fundamental research to develop and grow our technical capabilities and to deliver advantaged technologies for all of our businesses. ExxonMobil have a wide array of research programs designed to meet the needs identified in their functional businesses. Over the past five years, ExxonMobil have invested more than $4 billion in research and development. ExxonMobil global functional organization enables rapid deployment of new technologies to ensure early value capture. 2 It is also important to create and support a culture where every employee and contractor understands he or she must take part in creating a safe workplace. For instance, ExxonMobil refineries in Beaumont and in Joliet, Illinois, they have worked to achieve OSHA recognition as Star sites in OSHAs Voluntary Protection Program (VPP). 2 ExxonMobil commitment to safety also yields benefits reflected in the bottom line especially important in these challenging economic times. A safe workplace is a more productive one. operational excellence refers to a constant focus on improving efficiency, a more efficient operation yields numerous benefits, including lower costs and fewer emissions. In terms of identifying energy savings at ExxonMobil, their Global Energy Management System has proven to be one of their most important tools for bringing about positive, long-term change. This initiative helps identify potential energy efficiencies in their operations, and allows them to use resources more effectively, ultimately reducing e energy usage and emissions from theri operations. This energy efficiency program began by tapping knowledge from their best operations around the globe. We looked at every link in the energy chain, documented their best practices and then applied those lessons to their worldwide operations. Each day, as part of this initiative, they track more than 12,000 energy variables worldwide, using them to improve both individual plants and global operations. Since 2000, they have identified $1.5 billion in potential efficiency savings, approximately 60 percent of which have now been captured. 2 One of ExxonMobil most important energy efficiency stories is one that is critically important to refining cogeneration. ExxonMobil currently have interests in approximately 100 cogeneration plants in more than 30 facilities around the world. Their latest expansion in Antwerp, Belgium, inaugurated a 125-megawatt cogeneration facility. That new plant will reduce Belgiums carbon dioxide emissions by approximately 200,000 tonnes per year. Leveraging Scale and Integration There are also opportunities for refiners to capture efficiency benefits from world-scale, integrated manufacturing sites. At ExxonMobil, more than 75 percent of their refining capacity is integrated with either their lubes or chemical businesses or in some cases, both. These integrated operations allow us to optimize manufacturing processes, lower costs and improve product yields. Integration also brings significant circuit synergies. ExxonMobil global network of reliable and efficient manufacturing plants, transportation systems, and distribution centers enable them to provide fuels, lubricants, and other high-value products to customers in more than 100 countries and territories. their global supply organization directs raw materials to their refineries, finding the most efficient processing configuration and determining the best way to supply products to their customers around the world. Every day, this network lowers costs and optimizes overall supply chain performance. ExxonMobil also think it is important to find ways to improve product yields and increase feedstock flexibility. their refineries currently have 40 percent more conversion capacity than the industry average, allowing to produce more, higher-value products per barrel of crude processed. In fact, since 2003, they have added about 90,000 barrels per day of additional conversion capacity to refineries effectively adding one new conversion unit to facilities every two years. In addition, by using proprietary Molecule Management technology ExxonMobil continue to grow raw material flexibility. As part of this program, they have developed molecular fingerprinting technology that enables themto better understand of the key characteristics of a crude well beyond its physical characteristics, right down to its chemical and molecular makeup. This, in turn, has allowed them to make a step-change improvement in crude selections that maximize yields of higher-value products, while at the same time increasing utilization of new and lower cost crudes. In fact, last year they processed 150 crudes new to individual refineries. 2 Long-term Investments This brings me to a key point of investing through the business cycle. ExxonMobil, believe that to be successful long term, they must continue to invest to sustain competitiveness regardless of business conditions. ExxonMobil know that in the long run, demand for energy and for refined products will grow and to meet future demand, they must act now and invest capital and human ingenuity into expanding supplies and increasing efficiency. That is why they continue to invest in improvements and new projects, even during these challenging times. ExxonMobil announce late last year regarding significant investments to increase production of low-sulfur diesel. We plan to spend more than $1 billion to expand their refineries in Texas, Louisiana, and Belgium, to meet the growing demand for low-sulfur diesel. When completed next year, these expansions will increase diesel production by approximately 6 million gallons a day the equivalent to the diesel produced from about four average sized refineries. With these expansions ExxonMobil is taking steps not just to meet that demand but will be meeting growing demand with a more advanced, cleaner-burning fuel. 2 Any discussion of demand growth in developing countries must include Asia Pacific. Between 2005 and 2030, we expect total liquids demand to grow about 2 percent per year in this dynamic region. This translates to an increase of 65 percent by 2030. Refiners will need to move aggressively to meet that demand growth. Next month ExxonMobil will participate in a celebration marking the completion of the Fujian Petroleum and Petrochemical Complex, a joint venture between Sinopec, the Fujian Province in China, Saudi Aramco, and ExxonMobil. This expanded facility will process 240 thousands of barrels per day of crude, and includes a 250-megawatt cogeneration facility. But even with this ambitious project in place, more capacity will be needed as energy demand soars around the world. Investing in technology for the future Interestingly, some people do not realize that the oil and gas industry is a high-tech industry! But the best hope for addressing the enormous dual challenge of meeting growing energy demand while mitigating emissions is through development and deployment of new advanced technologies. Developing and deploying promising technologies requires long-term thinking, focus, and disciplined investments the same fundamentals that have driven our businesses for more than 100 years. ExxonMobils more recent technology developments. One of their technology focus areas directly relates to consumers our work on advanced vehicle technologies . In the worlds massive transportation sector, even tiny improvements in efficiency can yield impressive benefits to both consumers and society. As an example, their energy-saving plastics are making vehicles lighter, and their improved tire inner liners help reduce tire weight and keep them inflated longer, which is important for fuel economy. They have also developed lower viscosity lubricants like Mobil 1 Advanced Fuel Economy which can improve fuel economy by up to two percent versus motor oils most commonly used. To put that savings in perspective, if one-third of U.S. motorists reduce their gasoline consumption by two percent, it would prevent the emission of about 8 million metric tons of carbon dioxide per year, which would have the same effect as taking about 1.5 million cars off the road. ExxonMobil are also improving vehicle-battery technologies. In 2007, ExxonMobil unveiled new separator filmsNaN, developed by their chemical company, for lithium-ion batteries. These films have the potential to improve the energy efficiency and affordability of next generation hybrid electric vehicles. If just 10 percent of the light-duty vehicle fleets were hybrids, the resulting carbon-dioxide reduction would be equal to taking five million cars off the road. 2 And finally, ExxonMobil scientists and engineers are working with those from other industries on a breakthrough technology that could advance the use of hydrogen fuel cellsNaN. This new technology, which has been under development for more than a decade, will be applied first to industrial applications, such as forklifts. their approach quite different than most converts traditional hydrocarbon fuels, such as gasoline, into hydrogen directly on-board the vehicle, eliminating the need for separate facilities to produce and distribute hydrogen. Measured on a well-to-wheels basis, this on-board hydrogen fuel system could be up to 80 percent more fuel-efficient, and emit 45 percent less carbon dioxide, than internal-combustion engines. ExxonMobil is also investing in integrated solutions that could be even more transformative. In 2002, ExxonMobil launched the Global Climate and Energy ProjectNaN in concert with Stanford University. Along with our co-sponsors General Electric, Schlumberger, and Toyota, we are investing $225 million at Stanford and other leading institutions around the world to research and develop truly game-changing technologies. Our goal is to bring together some of the worlds best scientific and engineering minds to perform fundamental scientific research research that can redefine the field. Conclusion Few industries are more instrumental to economic growth and development than the energy industry. And in the years ahead, the role energy industry play in meeting the worlds increasing energy needs will only grow. Looking at current economic challenges, ExxonMobil must maintain our commitment to safety, reliability, and continuous improvement in our operations. And finally, the worlds shared energy challenges will require long-term planning and a steadfast commitment to develop and deploy new technologies that meet multiple objectives. A commitment to innovative thinking and deployment of new technologies will expand energy supplies, increase energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions all helping to keep people, communities and nations safe and prosperous. Not only will these strategies ensure ExxonMobil return value to shareholders, they will be key to economic growth and increasing opportunity for all. References ExxonMobil, 2010. Financial and Operating review. London, ExxonMobil {online} Available at http://ir.exxonmobil.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=115024p=irol- reportsOther (Last Access 19th July 2010) ExxonMobil, 2010. Annual Report. London, ExxonMobil {online} Available at http://ir.exxonmobil.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=115024p=irol-reportsOther (Last Access 19th July 2010) Anna Nagurney: Supply Chain Network Economics: Dynamics of Prices, Flows, and Profits, Edward Elgar Publishing, Strahan, David, 2008. :The last oil shock :a survival guide to the imminent extinction of petroleum man, London, John Murray, 2008. Robert, Paul, 2005: The end of oil :the decline of the petroleum economy and the rise of a new energy order, London. Bloomsbury, 2005. Julia,balogun. : Exploring Strategic Change David Buchanan :Power politic and organization change Research paper and Journal Articles Reviewed by me Risking Investor Value ? ExxonMobil and Climate change by Mark mansley LAGS FAR BEHIND paper on 17 leading institutional investor want meeting with ExxonMobil board. Website used Source: {online} http://www.exxonmobil.com/corporate/ Available at 20th July 2010 Source: {online} http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ExxonMobil Available at 20th July 2010 Source: {online} http://www.climatechangecorp.com/content.asp?ContentID=4859 Available at 20th July 2010 Source: {online} http://www.soxfirst.com/50226711/exxon_mobil_climate_change_and_the_reputation_wars.php Available at 20th July 2010 Source: {online} http://www.thinkingmanagers.com/exxon-mobil-management Available at 20th July 2010