Across Most Of Europe, Foreign Language Learning For At

Across most of Europe, foreign language learning for at least one year is obligatory for all pupils whilst in compulsory education (Eurydice, 2012), so it is no wonder that research into the most affective foreign language teaching methods continues to grow. One such methodology that has gained momentum in recent decades is Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL). The term was first introduced in 1994 by David Marsh and Anne Maljers (Marsh, 1994) and is an umbrella term that covers more than twenty educational approaches, each sharing common methodologies (Marsh, 2006), and all of which are related to the instruction of a second language in certain subjects of the curriculum other than language classes. Although this term was not†¦show more content†¦Finally, the parameter for culture serves to assure CLIL learners gain an increased awareness of themselves and others, as well as an enhanced tolerance and understanding of other cultures. As previously mentioned, CLIL is a general term which covers many different educational approaches. Indeed this can be viewed as one of the many attributes of CLIL. It can be adapted at a national, or even local, level to suit the needs of the education system it serves in, and such variety in models of CLIL can be seen across Europe (Coonan, 2003). The purpose of the 4Cs framework, then, is to provide those wishing to implicate some form of CLIL with a basis from which to begin, therefore these four parameters must be taken into account. As previously mentioned CLIL is an umbrella term, put forward by Coyle in order to produce a cohesive apparatus for this type of language learning, and as such it unites many different educational theories and language-learning theories. Whilst CLIL as it is known has only come into the field recently, the educational theories upon which it is built predate it by some decades. For the purposes of this paper, these education theories will be grouped into constructivist theories and language-acquisition theories. Lev Vygotsky (1978) was a prominent scholar in the field of constructivism, who put forward a theory related to the development of children’s higher order thinking skillsShow MoreRelatedEssay about English: The Most Important Language of Today885 Words   |  4 Pages Presently, English is the most wide spread language in terms of the number of countries that speak the language as a mother tongue or foreign language. Regardless of languages such as Mandarin, Arabic and Spanish having a great number of speakers, English dominates as a foreign language for many. A Newsweek Magazine article, written by John McWhorter, ranks English as the world’s international language today and states it is likely to remain this way in the future (McWhorter). Writer Dorie ClarkRead MoreEnglishnization at Rakuten Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesOctober 10 Language Globalization: â€Å"Englishnization† at Rakuten 2013 The issues, options recommendations for Rakuten Nirgun (e123001) Language Globalization: â€Å"Englishnization† at Rakuten 2013 Issues Accepting change: It was very difficult for most of the Japanese employees to adapt to this policy of changing organizational culture through cross border communication. They never realized that they have to learn a completely new language for the sake of globalization. PerformanceRead MoreTeaching And Learning Of A Second Language1267 Words   |  6 Pages For many years, the teaching and learning of a second language has been the norm in schools throughout Europe and the United States. Teachers approached language instruction in a variety of ways like the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) method, where students are taught fluency through conversation, or the Lexical Approach in which learners are able to understand and speak in large quantities of specific vocabulary and idioms (Richards and Rodgers 83-229). However, as the world progressed technologicallyRead MoreBilingual Vs. Foreign Language Skills Essay1565 Words   |  7 Pagesability to speak a second or multiple languages provides a wide range of benefits. Since people who have foreign language skills surely spent much time not only in studying the language itself but also in engaging with its culture, they can see things from other different perspectives, not from a single perspectiv e. The latest study actually shows that bilingual children are more capable of understanding others’ perspectives than those who speak only one language (Whyte, 2016). Moreover being multilingualRead MoreThe Historical Backgrounds Of Emi Essay984 Words   |  4 Pagesteaching content subjects through English language. This section provides information under three EMI periods, namely before, during and after transitional EMI periods. Before an EMI period, Content-based Instruction (CBI) and Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) were the well-known approaches to teach subject contents through a second or foreign language (L2) in western countries. CBI is an approach to L2 teaching that focuses on target language and content (Brinton, Snow, Wesche,Read MoreImportance Of Indigenous Languages1496 Words   |  6 PagesLanguage is one of the most significant developments of humans. It is one of the few means of communications which enclose a large number of beliefs, values and it is provided paths to see the world in different perceptive. The languages are thought to be in danger when people do not speak their native languages or mother tongue in foreign countries. Mother tongue is a child’s first language and it can be learned since birth. This mother language cannot be used often in foreign countries. As a resultRead MoreConforming Countries, The American Way1732 Words   |  7 PagesConforming Co untries, The American Way Colleges all over the United States have a variety of foreign language programs, cultural events, and study abroad programs to help American students have a better understanding of other cultures, languages, and geographical landmarks. Each of these elements are very distinctive to one’s every day life. Languages, cultures, and geographical landmarks distinguish one’s characteristics. An individual’s characteristics define their human identity and their purposeRead MoreThe Effects Of Bilingualism On Multiple Difference Areas1605 Words   |  7 Pagesbilingualism in multiple difference areas like cognitive, social- emotional, learning or global advantages. Regardless, there are multiple different reasons for an adolescent to learn a second language. Whether obligated when moving to a new county attending a school where it is a requirement, being enrolled in a class to satisfy a language credit, or simply for their own personal desire, when children are exposed t o a second language in early formal education there are proven benefits; such as understandingRead MoreGermany s International Trade And Foreign Business1377 Words   |  6 Pagespopulation of 80.1 million, Germany has the largest economy in Europe and one of the largest economies in the world. Located in northern central Europe, Germany shares borders with nine European countries. Berlin is the country’s capital and largest city geographically. Today Germany is divided into sixteen federated states, including Berlin. German is the official language of this country, and is one of the top ten most spoken languages in the world. As one of the top exporting countries in the worldRead MoreThe Education Of National Education1607 Words   |  7 Pagesused in Turkey for its citizens. Every person in Turkey accepts the right to education, which is free just like here in the U.S. Now as we continue to speak about grades from kindergarten to the end of high school. Their exception is in licensed and foreign institutions like going to school abroad. They too have 12 years of education for boys and girls, which can be divided into 4+4+4 years of schooling. The Ministry of national education is responsible for coming up the curricula, coordinating the work

Transmutation Definition and Examples

The word transmutation means something different to a scientist, particularly a physicist or chemist, compared to the ordinary usage of the term. Transmutation Definition (trÄÆ'ns†²myoÍžo-tÄ Ã¢â‚¬ ²shÉ™n) (n) Latin transmutare -- to change from one form into another.  To transmute is to change from one form or substance into another; to transform or convert. Transmutation is the act or process of transmuting. There are multiple specific definitions of transmutation, depending on the discipline. In the general sense, transmutation is any transformation from one form or species into another on.(Alchemy) Transmutation is the conversion of base elements into precious metals, such as gold or silver. The artificial production of gold, chrysopoeia, was a goal of alchemists, who sough to develop a Philosophers Stone that would be capable of the transmutation. The alchemists attempted to use chemical reactions to achieve transmutation. They were unsuccessful because nuclear reactions are required.(Chemistry) Transmutation is the conversion of one chemical element into another. Element transmutation may occur either naturally or via a synthetic route. Radioactive decay, nuclear fission, and nuclear fusion are natural processes by which one element may become another. Scientists most commonly transmute elements by bombarding the nucleus of a target atom with particles, forcing the target to change its atomic number, and thus its elemental identity. Related Terms: Transmute (v), Transmutational (adj), Transmutative (adj), Transmutationist (n)Transmutation Examples The classic goal of alchemy was to turn the base metal  lead into the more valuable metal  gold. While alchemy did not achieve this goal, physicists and chemists learned how to transmute elements. For example, Glenn Seaborg made gold from bismuth in 1980. There are reports that Seaborg also  transmuted a minute quantity of lead into gold, possibly en route via bismuth. However, its much easier to transmute gold into lead:  Ã‚   197Au  Ã‚  n  Ã¢â€ â€™Ã‚  198Au (half life  2.7 days) →  198Hg   n →  199Hg n →  200Hg n →  201Hg n →  202Hg n →  203Hg (half life 47 days) →  203Tl   n →  204Tl (half life 3.8 years) →  204Pb  (half life 1.4x1017  years) The Spallation Neutron Source has transmuted liquid mercury into gold, platinum, and iridium, using particle acceleration. Gold may be made using a nuclear reactor by irradiating mercury or platinum (producing radioactive isotopes). If mercury-196 is used as the starting isotope, slow neutron capture followed by electron capture can produce the single stable isotope, gold-197. Transmutation History The term transmutation may be traced back to the early days of alchemy. By the Middle Ages, attempts at alchemical transmutation were outlawed and alchemists Heinrich Khunrath and Michael Maier exposed fraudulent claims of chrysopoeia. In the 18th century, alchemy was largely supplanted by the science of chemistry, after Antoine Lavoisier and John Dalton proposed atomic theory. The first true observation of transmutation came in 1901, when Frederick Soddy and Ernest Rutherford observed thorium changing into radium via radioactive decay. According to Soddy, he exclaimed, Rutherford, this is transmutation! To which Rutherford replied, For Christs sake, Soddy, dont call it  transmutation. Theyll have our heads off as alchemists!

The Importance Of A Healthy Lifestyle On Good Nutrition,...

CHAPTER 3 When health is absent, wisdom cannot reveal itself, art cannot become manifest, strength cannot be exerted, wealth is useless, and reason is powerless. –Herophiles 300 B.C. Growing up I had generally experienced good health. Sure I had my share of runny noses, upset stomachs and scraped knees but I was usually energetic, athletic, creative and optimistic about life. Health, fitness and well-being were important to my family. I came to value the importance of a healthy lifestyle: good nutrition, proper sleep, exercise and sportsmanship. Education was equally emphasized, â€Å"a sound mind in a sound body,† my grandfather repeatedly told my sister and me. My grandfather, Pop-Pop, was a gregarious, tall and handsome man with a gleam in his eye who greatly valued education. I listened carefully to the conversations at the weekly Sunday night dinner table when we visited my grandparents because I always learned something new. Even though the prevailing rule was â€Å"children are seen but not heard,† Pop-Pop always welcomed my questions about economics, politics, history, human nature, art and literature. In fact, he encouraged them. He was the smartest and wisest person I knew. I have never forgotten what my grandfather wrote in my autograph book when I was in second grade, â€Å"Good, better, best, never let it rest, until your good is your better and your better is your best.† I had been a good student, curious about everything and I always wanted to better myself. There was noShow MoreRelatedImportance of Physical Education in Schools2064 Words   |  9 Pages Importance of Physical Education in Schools SPO3001 Learn to Swim Table of Contents Page Introduction 3 Definition of Physical Education 3 What is taught in Physical Education? 4 Importance of Physical Education 5 The Importance of Physical Education as it relates to Swimming 7 Disadvantages of lack of Physical Education 9 Conclusion 10 References 11 Introduction Physical education plays a vital roleRead MoreHealth Of Health And Wellness1839 Words   |  8 Pageswellness and its importance. So I learned in this health class is about eating healthy and eating nutrition food like chicken and white rice great organic food ect .For example Heath and wellness are key components in my life. To me, so I m talk about me first then my family and so no health issues such as, illness, sickness or injury. Wellness is a synonym of health, however I would define it as living a happy, healthy lifestyle with little or no health issues. I feel the importance of health shouldRead MorePre, During And Post Competition Meals For Athletes3585 Words   |  15 Pagesbody to function at the highest potential. With the aim of keeping their bodies constantly healthy as well as themselves at an optimal shape for their sporting performances, they will ultimately wan to achieve two important things through their diet: a healthy nutrition and the maximum body energy. With a considerate attention and a keen commitment channeled on the field work coupled with a proper nutrition at the training table, any desired outcome can easily be acquired. For this reason, mostRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 PagesTrue purpose of sports nowadays b. Sports and Media 8. Foreign Aid a. How effective is Foreign Aid? 9. Migration a. Is migration/having foreigners good? 10. Subjects a. Literature b. History c. Mathematics d. Universal language 11. Businesses a. Business morality b. Charities as businesses 12. Democracy a. Good vs. Bad 13. Social Issues (only stats provided) a. Gender b. Family c. Equality 14. Governance a. World Governance 15. Others a. CooperationRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesis currently working on a book in applied mathematical statistics. He is the recipient of a distinguished teaching award from Cal Poly and is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association. In his spare time, he enjoys reading, cooking and eating good food, tennis, and travel to faraway places. He is especially proud of his wife, Carol, a retired elementary school teacher, his daughter Allison, who works for the Center for Women and Excellence in Boston, and his daughter Teri, who is ï ¬ nishing a

Networked Application Management for Block chain-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theNetworked Application Management for Block chain. Answer: Introduction: The blockchain is one of the most advanced and growing technology in the world now a days. Block chain can be defined as the shared public decentralized ledger which is used in all the type of the crypto currencies. In order words its works for recording transmission transaction which occurs across many computer systems so that the records cannot be altered, tampered without the alteration of the subsequent blocks of thee collusion network. This paper will discuss about the architectures of the block chain, importance and features of the block chain concept and the basic working application of the blockchain process. Block chain Architecture Block chain architecture is a type of network architecture which does not contain a central server [1]. It is a mesh type of network where the computers are connected to each other instead of a central computer [2]. The computers of a block chain work with a shared state of data and adhere certain constraints implied on the data [3]. This is basically an algorithmic and accurate globally spread ledger. The core application of block chain is transaction database modeled as a safe ledger. It is mainly used for the crypto currency transactions like bit coin, Montero and so on [4]. The block chain has a peer to peer architecture for transactions without any middle organization like bank[5]. The architecture is based on various blocks of data and the transaction is done. Features The four main features of block chain are Increased capacity The block chain is a peer to peer technology which increases the capacity of whole network. Many computers work together connectively has higher processing power than centralized servers[6]. An example of increasing network capacity is Folding coin project started by Stanford university. It created a distributed supercomputer that stimulated protein folding for research related to medical technology. The research required very fast computers as the proteins fold very fast and it can not be computed using single computers with low processing power. Instead of using a costly supercomputer the work was done using several low cost computers by distributed computing. Better security Block chain has high security because there is no single server which can be point of failure and can be compromised by hacking[7]. The network is difficult to shut down in a distributed computing system like block chain. It may be possible to hack individual key but the whole network can not be compromised. Block chains are secured by many computers that run nodes and confirm transactions on the networks[8]. Public block chains use their own currency as an incentive mechanism to reward miners for securing transactions on the ledger. Bitcoin system is one of the most secured example of crypto currency based on block chain technology. Immutability The block chains have one of the most important propositions i.e creating immutable ledgers. A centralized database may face issues like being corrupted and have to rely on third party venders to keep the information secured[9]. Block chains like bitcoin keep the ledger in a continuous state of forward momentum because millions of dollars worth of hashing power ensure new transactions that are kept record of. Faster settlement The traditional banking system is very slow and generally has red tape culture involved in most of the international transactions[10]. Block chains can usually settle the transactions in short time and almost instantly. This can save money and time for entire industry. Challenges The few challenges that block chain technology should overcome before it can be adopted in huge scale are Initial costs The block chain if adopted can give long term benefits but on the contradiction it has high cost of implementation. The block chain has high efficiency and productivity, timeliness and low cost of maintenance [11]. The software used to maintain block chain technology is generally used, made by some specific development companies for some specific companies. The specific software development and operation needs trained personnel which is also costly. The organizations have to pay huge salary to the personnel for the work related to block chain [12]. So it is very difficult for a medium or small company to afford block chain technology. Integration with legacy systems In order to implement the block chain the companies have to completely replace the legacy systems. The problem lies in implementing the Block chain as it cannot cater all the needs of an organization. As a result a major change has to be made to the existing system. The expenses of such implementation are huge and also complicated. Energy consumption The crypto currency technology of bit coin and ethereal consumes huge power for mining so the block chain technology is very much energy consuming technology. The proof-of-work mechanism is the reason of the high energy consumption. Apart from the energy required to operate the computers huge energy is also needed to cool down the computers. Public perception The block chain technology is still alien to common public and difficult to make a mainstream move. The public perception presently, block chain technology is nearly synonymous with Bit coin. Though the value of bit coin continues to rise to unprecedented levels, there is still an association of the crypto currency with the shadowy dealings of money laundering, black market trade and other illegal activities. Privacy and security Block chains are according to its design are actually publicly visible. The Bit coin Block chain is visible to all the users who have made transactions in the network. The government and the corporations should be careful about protection and access of data as in place of sensible data Block chain technology cannot be used. Applications of Block chain Currency The block chain is the backbone of crypto currency technology it is the technology used for bit coin and ether which is currency of ethereal [13]. The insurance claiming process is also simplified by use of the block chain. The crypto currencies are based on the block chain technology. The global payments sector is error-prone, costly, and open to money laundering. It takes days if not longer for money to cross the world [14]. The block chain is already providing solutions with remittance companies such asAbra,Align CommerceandBitsparkthat offer end-to-end blockchain powered remittance services[15]. In 2004, Santander became one of the first banks to merge blockchain to a payments app, enabling customers to make international payments 24 hours a day, while clearing the next day. Smart contracts Block chain has helped to implement the smart contract system without the involvement of any third party and made it hassle free. The technology basically based on the concept of vendor machine where the buyer or seller can directly do business. Smart contract enforces the same obligation automatically like a traditional pen paper based contract. Smart contracts provide the users full autonomy and also it is trusted[16]. The safety of smart contracts is maintained by cryptography. Hacking attacks can not affect the smart contracts. The smart contract is less time consuming compared to the conventional pen paper based contracts[17]. Automated contracts are accurate and do not contain any error like manual contracts. Socio technical aspects The blockchain reduces the notary cost. It has made the transactions faster and secured without any involvement of any third party like banking system or any middle agency..Cryptographically signedproofs of existence can be used to enforce the authorship and ownership of data (in the latter case they are called smart properties). In the case, we need to verify if any illegitimate registration ever occurred and we want to discourage anyone willing to register illegitimately data they should not own, the blockchain transparency makes a no-brainer to get the job done. Property right title could not be enforced easier nowadays. The block chain network is difficult to close down in a distributed computing system like block chain. It may be possible to hack individual key but the whole network can not be hacked[18]. Block chains are secured by many computers that run nodes and confirm transactions on the networks. Public block chains use their own currency as an incentive mechanism to rewa rd miners for securing transactions on the ledger. The distributed computing Conclusion: Thus, concluding the topic it can be said that the concept of the blockchain is one of the major thing technology which is becoming more and more advanced with passing days. The concept has not only helped the crypto currency owner to keep a track of the transactions but has also helped them in securing the data from the foul players of the internet. The concept of this is rising day by day as more and more people are learning of the concept.IT has also helped the society to understand the concept and the working principal of the system. The cryptography hashing helps to encrypt the transactions and keep the sensible data and transaction safe from hacking attempts. . It is an important feature of the crypto currencies to be visible to the users. Reference [1]M. Swan,Blockchain. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly, 2015. [2]Zyskind, G. and Nathan, O., May. Decentralizing privacy: Using blockchain to protect personal data. InSecurity and Privacy Workshops (SPW), 2015 IEEE(pp. 180-184). IEEE 2015. [3]Kosba, A., Miller, A., Shi, E., Wen, Z. and Papamanthou, C., May. Hawk: The blockchain model of cryptography and privacy-preserving smart contracts. InSecurity and Privacy (SP), 2016 IEEE Symposium on(pp. 839-858). IEEE,2016. [4]Eyal, I., Gencer, A.E., Sirer, E.G. and Van Renesse, R., March. Bitcoin-NG: A Scalable Blockchain Protocol. InNSDI(pp. 45-59),2016 [5]Cachin, C., July. Architecture of the Hyperledger blockchain fabric. InWorkshop on Distributed Cryptocurrencies and Consensus Ledgers, 2016. [6]Iansiti, M. and Lakhani, K.R.. The truth about blockchain.Harvard Business Review,95(1), pp.118-127, 2017 [7] Swan, M., March. Blockchain thinking: The brain as a dac (decentralized autonomous organization). InTexas Bitcoin Conference(pp. 27-29), 2015. [8] Underwood, S., Blockchain beyond bitcoin.Communications of the ACM,59(11), pp.15-17, 2016. [9] Korpela, K., Hallikas, J. and Dahlberg, T., January. Digital supply chain transformation toward blockchain integration. Inproceedings of the 50th Hawaii international conference on system sciences, 2017 [10] Rckeshuser, N., Do we really want blockchain-based accounting? Decentralized consensus as enabler of management override of internal controls, 2017. [11] Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H.N. and Wang, H., Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey.Work Pap.2016, 2016 [12] Porru, S., Pinna, A., Marchesi, M. and Tonelli, R., May. Blockchain-oriented software engineering: challenges and new directions. InProceedings of the 39th International Conference on Software Engineering Companion(pp. 169-171). IEEE Press, 2017. [13] Herrera-Joancomart, J. and Prez-Sol, C., September. Privacy in bitcoin transactions: new challenges from blockchain scalability solutions. InModeling Decisions for Artificial Intelligence(pp. 26-44). Springer, Cham, 2016. [14] Nofer, M., Gomber, P., Hinz, O. and Schiereck, D., Blockchain.Business Information Systems Engineering,59(3), pp.183-187, 2017. [15] Lin, I.C. and Liao, T.C., A Survey of Blockchain Security Issues and Challenges.IJ Network Security,19(5), pp.653-659, 2017. [16] Kosba, A., Miller, A., Shi, E., Wen, Z. and Papamanthou, C., May. Hawk: The blockchain model of cryptography and privacy-preserving smart contracts. InSecurity and Privacy (SP), 2016 IEEE Symposium on(pp. 839-858). IEEE, 2016. [17] Christidis, K. and Devetsikiotis, M., Blockchains and smart contracts for the internet of things.IEEE Access,4, pp.2292-2303, 2016. [18] Luu, L., Chu, D.H., Olickel, H., Saxena, P. and Hobor, A., October. Making smart contracts smarter. InProceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security(pp. 254-269). ACM, 2016.